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Transferring Embryos with Indeterminate PGD Results

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  Transferring Embryos with Indeterminate PGD Results:                      The Ethical Implications Table of Contents:   Abstract 3 Background . 3 The Case Presentation . 3 Conclusion . 3 Background . 4 Case Presentation . 5 Results: The Deliberation of the Ethics Committee . 7 Discussion Part 1 . 8 Protecting Patient Autonomy . 8 Discussion Part 2 . 9 Protecting the Interests of the Future Child: Non-Maleficence . 9 Discussion Part 3 . 11 The Physician’s Duty to Society: Justice . 11 Conclusions . 12 References: 14 Abstract Background In vitro fertilization (IVF) and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are becoming increasingly common techniques to select embryos that are unaffected by a known genetic disorder. Though IVF-PGD has high success rates, 7.5 % of blastocysts have inconclusive results after testing. A recent case involving a known BRCA-1 carrier was brought before our Assisted Reproductive Technology Ethics Committee in ord

What Is PGD?

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  Pre-implantation genetic   diagnosis ( PGD ) is a screening test for diagnosing the genetic condition of   an embryo before transferring it into the uterus of a woman. The screening test PGD is carried out to detect Cystic   Fibrosis and other chromosomal defects in the formation of the embryos. Cystic Fibrosis is an innate genetic disease passed on to children from parents. It affects the lungs and digestive system as a result liver damage and diabetes   are found in the patient. This gene builds mucus which is thicker and sticker found in the lungs. It is almost difficult to eradicate the mucus through cough and lead to severe breathing issues and lung infections. The mucus formation in the lungs and the digestive system prevents it to work properly and causing undernutrition problems among some children. The doctors in Pakistan are unable to provide a cure to eradicate this disease from the genes. However, the Airway clearance technique (ACT) can be used to breathe clearly. Pre-im

How Successful is IVF?

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  Important data recommends that age is one of the most significant success features when it arises to IVF. As soon as you pass year 35 mark, your fertility starts to drop, and mainly after 40 years, you are left with less than 15%-20% chances of victory even if your hormones and reproductive health were standard. Consequently younger women have a higher chance of IVF success as related to older women. Allowing to the American Culture of Reproductive Medicine ASRM, the chance of success for women over 42 is just 4% and for women under 35 is actually 40%. Therefore it is main not to waste time and pursue cure at the right age.

What infertility treatments are available?

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  What infertility treatments are available? Treatments for infertility can range from medications to embryo implantation through assisted reproductive technology (ART). There are treatments that are specifically for men or for women and some that involve both partners. Fertility Treatments for Females Once a woman is diagnosed with infertility, the overall likelihood for successful treatment is 50%. Whether a treatment is successful depends on: The underlying cause of the problem The woman's age Her history of previous pregnancies How long she has had infertility issues The presence or absence of male factor infertility Fertility treatments are most likely to benefit women whose infertility is due to problems with ovulation. Treatment with medications is least likely to benefit infertility caused by damage to the fallopian tubes or severe endometriosis, although In Vitro Fertilization can help women with these conditions to conceiv