What is Infertility?

 

What is infertility?

According to the clinical definition of world health organization, Infertility is a reproductive system’s disease in which a couple fails to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of unprotected regular sexual intercourse. In simple words, the meaning of infertility is the inability to get pregnant after a year-long unprotected sexual intercourse.



Types of Infertility

Infertility is broadly categorized into two types; primary and secondary. Primary Infertility is a condition in which a female is unable to conceive or unable to carry her pregnancy towards a live birth, or goes through immediate miscarriage or birth of a stillborn child. Secondary infertility, on the other hand, is a disorder in which a female with previous ability to become a parent for at least once has now achieved the state of infertility, due to any reason.

Female Infertility Causes

During the assessment, if the hormonal profile or ultrasounds shows factors responsible for hindrance in conception, such a condition is known as female infertility. There are several causes behind the existence of female factor infertility. For instance:

1. Issues within the uterus: When there is a presence of fibroid, polyps, septum, or surgical adhesions inside the cavity of the uterus, it causes infertility in female.

2. Blockage of fallopian tubes: Pelvic inflammatory disease often leads to blockage in fallopian tubes, which ultimately prevents female pregnancy.

3. Insignificant ovulation: Insufficient number of eggs produced during the ovulation period often becomes the cause behind the prevention of pregnancy.

4. Health and genetic conditions: Factors such as age, abnormal menstrual cycle, hormonal imbalances, under or over-weight, presence of cysts or tumours, autoimmune disorders, sexually transmitted infections and unhealthy lifestyle may also contribute towards the most common causes of female infertility state.

Female Infertility Symptoms and Treatment

In most cases, Female Infertility symptoms are reportedly found to be a consistent headache, painful periods, irregular menstrual flow or cycle, fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, hormonal or skin issues in females, hirsutism and many others.

Once the female is diagnosed with the case of female infertility, she can go through several medical and surgical treatments available nowadays. Various medical drugs are specifically given to females in order to make the ovulation reproductive system more active. However, Assistive reproductive technology (ART), specifically IVF is a common medical procedure for the treatment of female infertility.



Male Infertility Causes

Whenever the reason behind infertility among a couple is a male partner, a Male infertility condition is said to exist. Male infertility in simple words is an unhealthy sperms condition that lowers the chances of his female partner to get pregnant. There are several causes underlying male infertility, for instance, the most common male infertility causes are sexual dysfunctional condition, varicoceles, and seminal abnormality. Other than these, seminal plasma abnormality, testicular damage, and anti-sperm antibodies also become the basis for male infertility. However, iatrogenic, congenital, and endocrine issues also contribute to the subsistence of male infertility. Like in the case of female infertility, lifestyle, health conditions, and genetic disorders also become the factors for male infertility disorder.

Male Infertility Symptoms and Treatment

Major symptoms in male infertility disease are found to be abnormal penis erection and ejaculation conditions. However, other male infertility symptoms also include pains, swelling, and size issues with testicles. A male partner may also face hormonal skin and hair problems along with changes in his temperament towards sexual desires.  

Once a male partner is diagnosed with infertility disease, he may pursue to get any medical treatments available.  For instance:

1.    ART Treatment: This is used for obtaining male sperm and its union with the female’s egg followed by the placement of embryo within a female genital tract.

2.   Medication: Whenever there is an issue with the hormonal system causing male infertility, medication for the balancing of hormones is initialized. Similarly, erectile and ejaculation issues may be resolved via mediation.

3.    Surgical Treatment/ Biopsy: It is specifically used for the treatment of varicocele. Sperms can often be retrieved directly from testicles via sperm retrieval methods.

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